黄尧演讲稿
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教育部职业教育与成人教育司司长
教育部职业技术教育中心研究所所长 |
黄 尧 |
大家好！
下面，我就当前我国职业教育的发展形势，以及今后一个时期加快发展职业教育的思路和政策措施，向各位做简要介绍。
一、大力发展职业教育，是当前和今后一个时期我国教育工作的战略重点和教育事业改革发展的战略突破口
进入21世纪以来，党中央国务院把发展职业教育放在更加突出的位置，先后召开了三次全国职业教育工作会议，作出了关于大力发展职业教育的决定，把职业教育作为经济社会发展的重要基础和教育工作的战略重点，明确了今后一个时期职业教育发展的目标任务和政策措施。党的十七大提出要“优先发展教育、建设人力资源强国”，“建设全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会”，强调要“加快普及高中阶段教育，大力发展职业教育”，“努力使全体人民学有所教”，对加快发展职业教育、培养高素质技能型人才提出了新的更高要求。我体会，在全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会的新形势下，大力发展职业教育具有十分重要的战略意义。
第一，大力发展职业教育，加快培养生产服务一线高素质技能型人才，是建设人力资源强国的必然要求。
社会主义现代化建设需要强有力的人力资源支撑，不仅需要一大批科学家、工程师和经营管理人才，而且需要数以亿计的高素质劳动者和数以千万计的高技能专门人才。工业化国家的实践证明，没有数量足够的高素质技能型专门人才和高素质劳动者作支撑，就不可能实现工业化和现代化。我国经济社会发展的实践也证明，资金、技术、少数尖端人才都可以引进，但生产服务一线的高素质劳动者和技能型专门人才只能靠自己培养。目前我国生产一线的劳动者素质偏低和技能型专门人才紧缺的问题十分突出，不能适应走新型工业化道路和社会主义新农村建设的迫切需要。职业教育是现代教育的重要组成部分，是工业化和现代化的重要支柱，承担着培养高素质劳动者和技能型专门人才的任务，与我国经济社会发展联系最直接最紧
密。实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略，把我国从人力资源大国建设成为人力资源强国，必然要求我们更加重视和加快职业教育的发展。
第二,大力发展职业教育，是满足人民群众多样化学习需求、促进就业和教育公平的重要途径。
随着我国经济的快速发展和人民群众生活水平的不断提高，人民群众的多样化教育需求不断增长。我国职业教育在促进就业再就业、提高人们的思想道德和科学文化素质、实现“人人有知识、个个有技能”等方面，发挥了十分重要的作用。就业是民生之本，当前我国就业和经济发展面临两个大的变化，社会劳动力就业需要加强技能培养，提高他们的就业、创业能力，产业结构优化升级需要培养更多的高素质技能型专门人才。大力发展职业教育，是促进就业、消除贫困、保障社会稳定，促进社会公平、实现社会和谐的重要举措。职业教育是面向人人、面向全社会的教育，是终身教育的重要形式和重要环节，在推进建设全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会工作中有着不可替代的重要作用。
第三,大力发展职业教育，是新时期我国普及高中阶段教育、推进高等教育大众化的必然选择。
经过新中国近60年的艰苦奋斗，特别是30年来的改革开放，我国已经实现了基本普及九年义务教育和迈入高等教育大众化阶段的两大历史性跨越。普及高中阶段教育，是党的十六大和十七大提出的新时期教育工作的重大历史任务。“普九”之后，怎样普及高中阶段教育，我们面临着两种选择。一种选择是，不遗余力地发展普通高中，让学生都去上普通高中、考大学。从我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情来考虑，人人都上大学，既无可能，也不需要。另一种选择是，大力发展职业教育，鼓励、引导更多的人通过接受职业教育走上工作岗位，在实践中通过成人继续教育得到进一步的学习提高。对多数青年来说，这后一种是现实的也是正确的选择。我们要全面贯彻落实科学发展观，根据经济结构调整对人才的需要和构建现代国民教育体系的整体要求出发，加大教育结构调整的力度，加快发展职业教育，促进中等职业教育与普通高中教育、高等职业教育与普通本科教育的协调发展，促进职业教育与经济社会的协调发展。
我国职业教育事业正站在一个新的历史起点上，经济社会发展对职业教育提出了新的要求，人民群众对职业教育有新的期盼。我们要进一步解放思想，更新观念，提高对职业教育在新时期经济社会发展中战略地位和作用的认识，努力办好人民满意的职业教育。
二、我国职业教育改革发展取得了显著成就，进入了历史上最好的发展时期
在党中央国务院和地方各级党委政府的正确领导下，在社会各界大力支持下，经过职业教育战线同志们的共同努力，近些年来我国职业教育的改革与发展取得了显著成绩。主要表现是：
1．职业教育事业规模持续扩大。2007年我国中等职业学校招生规模达到810万人，在校学生达到1987万人，中等职业教育的招生规模已占高中阶段招生总数的48.3%。2007年高等职业教育招生283万人，在校学生达到861万人，约占普通高等院校招生和在校生数的一半。参加各种形式培训的城乡劳动者达到1亿6千万人次，一个具有中国特色的职业教育培训体系已经形成。
2．进一步明确了以服务为宗旨、以就业为导向的职业教育改革发展方针。职业院校面向社会、面向市场，面向企业、面向农村办学，全面推行素质教育，深化教育教学改革，培养学生良好的职业道德，切实加强学生动手能力和职业技能的培养，职业教育的办学质量显著提高。毕业生的就业率达到96%以上，越来越受到各行各业的欢迎。职业教育主动服务经济社会的意识和能力显著增强，发展活力进一步提高，得到了人民群众和社会各界的广泛认同和普遍支持。
3．职业教育的基础能力建设取得阶段成果。自2003年以来，中央财政已经累计投入53亿元，重点支持了1080个职业教育实训基地、1235个县级职教中心和示范性中等职业学校、70所示范性高等职业技术学院的建设，组织实施了“中等职业学校教师素质提高计划”，完成了1.2万名骨干专业教师的国家级培训任务。各地也增加投入，职业院校的办学条件有了很大改善。
4．职业教育培养模式改革取得新突破。近些年来各地坚持以就业为导向，积极探索“工学结合、校企合作、顶岗实习”的职业教育人才培养模式。实践证明，工学结合、校企合作和顶岗实习，体现了党的教育方针，符合职业教育发展规律，反映了职业教育的特色，对于提高学生思想素质、实践能力和职业技能，帮助他们解决经济困难，促进他们健康成长和顺利就业，具有十分重要的作用。这种模式，也是德国、澳大利亚等国际上许多国家职业教育发展的成功做法。
5．职业教育家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系基本建立。今年，各级财政用于中等职业学校家庭经济困难学生的助学金将达到180亿元，所有农村学生和城镇低收入家庭学生都能得到资助，资助面达到学生总数的90%以上。高等职业学校学生享受国家高等学校的奖学金、助学金和助学贷款，受资助面达20%以上。中等职业学校在校的三年级学生，通过工学结合、顶岗实习还可获得一定报酬，用于支付学习和生活费用。职业院校家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系的建立和完善，为改变社会上鄙薄职业教育的观念，扩大职业教育规模，促进教育发展和教育公平起到了重要作用。
我国职业教育发展的成绩是巨大的，但就总体而言，职业教育特别是中等职业教育仍然是中国教育的薄弱环节，面临着诸多困难和问题。职业教育的发展还不能很好地适应我国经济社会发展的需要，巩固成果，提高质量，继续发展的任务还很艰巨。三、全面贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持以服务为宗旨、以就业为导向，以提高质量为重点，促进我国职业教育又好又快发展
我国加快走新型工业化道路，建设社会主义新农村，全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会的新形势，迫切要求职业教育快速发展。职业教育正面临着难得的历史发展机遇，我们要抓住机遇，乘势而上，努力实现职业教育又好又快的发展。
1．继续巩固和扩大职业教育的发展规模，增强职业教育服务经济社会的能力。
2008年中等职业学校招生规模还要继续扩大，今后几年，中等职业教育的招生规模要实现与普通高中大体相当，一些经济社会发展较快、对技能型人才有旺盛需求的地方，中等职业学校招生规模要超过普通高中。高等职业教育要重在提高质量，招生规模保持在普通高等学校招生总规模的一半左右。各种形式的职业培训进一步发展，年培训城乡劳动者保持在1.5亿人次以上。
要继续推进“国家技能型人才培养培训工程”、“国家农村劳动力转移培训工程”、“农村实用人才培训工程”和“成人继续教育和再就业培训工程”的实施，扩大工程覆盖面，提高人才培养质量，逐步缓解我国技能型专门人才的紧缺状况，不断提高我国城乡劳动者的整体素质，使职业教育更好地为我国经济社会发展服务。
2．坚持以就业为导向深化职业教育教学改革，全面提高职业教育质量。
今后一个时期，要把提高质量作为职业教育工作的重点。要一手抓发展，一手抓质量，实现职业教育数量、质量、结构、效益的协调发展。要全面贯彻党的教育方针，大力推进素质教育，培养学生具有良好的职业道德、必要的文化知识和熟练的职业技能。要深化教育教学改革，合理调整专业设置，加强课程改革和教材建设，改进教学方法，实行定单培养，推进弹性学习制度。要加强职业院校学生的职业指导和就业服务工作，促进学生的顺利就业。要大力推进校企合作、工学结合、顶岗实习，逐步建立和完善半工半读制度。中等职业教育要完善“一年学基础、一年学技能、一年顶岗实习”的人才培养模式,高等职业学校也要安排学生半年实习，加强学生的职业技能培养，定期举办各种形式的职业技能大赛，促进学生在取得学历证书的同时获取职业资格证书。要继续推进实训基地建设，继续实施实训基地、县级职教中心、示范性中等职业学校建设等计划。大力推进国家示范性高职院校建设计划，启动国家示范性中等职业学校建设计划，增加投入，改善职业院校的办学条件。要提高现代教育技术在教学中的应用，推进职业教育的现代化。要加强职业院校教师队伍建设，积极开展教师的培养培训，做好面向社会广泛吸引专业技术人员、高技能人才，特别是有专业技能的离退休工程技术人员到职业院校兼职任教工作。教育部已决定，在今年底或明年初召开全国职业教育教学改革工作会议，部署今后一个时期职业教育教学改革，全面提高教育质量的工作。
3．加快体制机制改革创新和相关制度建设,提高职业教育管理水平。
要积极推进职业教育办学思想的转变，从计划培养向市场驱动转变，从政府
接管理向宏观引导转变，从传统升学导向向就业导向转变，从学科本位向职业能力转变。要加快职业教育体制机制的改革创新和制度建设，加快启动《职业教育法》修订工作，抓紧《终身学习法》起草工作，为构建终身学习、全民学习的学习型社会，实现“人人有知识、个个有技能”的目标提供法律保障。要加强中等职业学校的招生改革及制度建设，对高中阶段教育招生实行统筹规划和统一管理，规范招生秩序和招生行为。要进一步完善职业院校学生资助政策体系，逐步形成以国家助学金为主，以奖学金、学生工学结合、顶岗实习、学校减免学费等为辅的中等职业学校学生资助政策体系，高等职业院校要继续落实好高等学校学生的资助政策。要大力推进职业教育集团化办学，依托优质的职业教育资源，以专业为纽带，组建由相关行业企业和职业院校参加的职业教育集团，加强校企合作，推动城乡职业教育协调发展。要进一步加强对民办职业院校的指导和管理，规范其办学行为，推动民办职业教育的健康发展。要重视学习借鉴其它国家发展职业教育的成功经验，加强与各国职业教育的交流合作。
4．把西部和农村职业教育的发展，作为我国职业教育发展的重点。
充分利用东部和城市职业教育资源的优势，面向西部和农村地区，实行东部与西部、城市与农村职业学校的联合招生与合作培养，加快培养西部和农村经济社会发展急需的技能型人才，缩小东西部和城乡的发展差距，是我国当前和今后一个时期职业教育发展的一项重要任务。
当前，要把职业教育对口支援今年5月12日四川汶川特大地震灾区的灾后重建工作放在一个特别重要的位置。地震发生后，在党中央、国务院的坚强领导和统一部署下，教育部和全国教育系统迅速行动起来，全力投入抗震救灾工作。教育部就支持灾区中等职业教育恢复重建和做好对口支援工作，提出四个方面的要求：一是做好灾区中等职业学校一、二年级学生的复学复课工作，保证他们都能复学；二是做好灾区中等职业学校三年级学生即今年的毕业生的就业援助工作，保证他们都能就业；三是做好招收灾区初中毕业生就读中等职业学校的工作，保证他们只要愿意上中职都能入学；四是加强灾区劳动力特别是农民和外出务工人员的职业技能培训工作，为他们重建家园、转移安置提供支持和帮助。我们一定要以强烈的责任感和紧迫感，克服困难，千方百计，全力以赴，认真做好对口支援，为灾区中等职业教育的恢复重建做出应有的贡献。
女士们、先生们、朋友们：
推动职业教育实现又好又快发展，是今后一个时期我国教育事业改革与发展的重要任务，责任重大，意义深远，让我们一起努力，为职业教育的新发展、新突破，为全面建设小康社会和社会主义和谐社会做出我们的新贡献！
祝论坛圆满成功！
祝朋友们学习、工作顺利，身体健康！
谢谢大家！
Current Situation and Future Target of Vocational Education in China
Director of adult and vocational education division of the ministry of education Huang Yao
Honorable President, ladies and gentlemen,
Good morning！
It is my honor to attend the “2008 Summit Forum of Chinese Vocational Education Reform and Development” held by the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government. It is with great pleasure that I have the opportunity to exchange ideas with friends and experts from home and abroad on such issues as sustainable development of vocational education, construction of a nation with powerful human resources and vocational education development strategies under the background of economic globalization. I believe this forum will promote the reform and development of vocational education in China as well as cooperation of international vocational education.
Now I will briefly introduce to you current conditions of vocational education in China as well as ideas and policies on vocational education in the near future.
Ⅰ. Vigorous development of vocational education is the strategic focus of education and breakthrough of educational reform and development in China at present and in the next period.
After entering the 21st century, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have placed vocational education on a prominent place. Three national meetings on vocational education have been held and decisions have been made including vigorous development of vocational education, taking vocational education as the foundation and strategic focus of economic and social development and objectives, tasks and policies on vocational education in the next period. In the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is proposed to “give priority to development of education and construct a nation with powerful human resources” “to construct a learning society of learning for all and life-long learning” “to make the whole nation able to learn”. It makes higher demands of development of vocational education and cultivation of talents with high quality and technical abilities. As far as I am concerned, under the conditions of building a well-off society in an all-round way and a building harmonious society, vigorous development of vocational education is of great strategic significance.
Firstly, it is necessary for us to vigorously develop vocational education and cultivate talents with high quality and technical abilities at the front line of production and service so as to construct a nation with powerful human resources.
Socialist modernization needs the support of powerful human resources, including not only scientists, engineers and managerial and administrative personnel but also millions of high-quality labors and talents with high professional skills. It is proved by industrialized nations that without sufficient talents with high professional skills and high-quality labors, industrialization and modernization cannot be realized. It is also proved by China’s economic and social development that capital, technology and small number of top talents can be imported but high-quality labors at frontline and talents with high professional skills can only be cultivated by us. At present, labors at frontline in China are of relatively low quality and talents with high professional skills are in urgent need. These cannot meet the requirements of the new course of industrialization and construction of new socialist countryside. Vocational education is an integral part of modern education and an important pillar of modernization and industrialization. It undertakes the task of cultivating high-quality labors and talents with high professional skills. It is directly and closely related to China’s economic and social development. In order to implement the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and technology and the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development and turn China from a nation with huge human resources to a nation with powerful human resources, we must place more emphasis on vocational education and quicken the pace of development.
Secondly, vigorous development of vocational education is an important means to meet people’s diversified demands and promote employment and fairness of education.
With rapid development of Chinese economy and improvement of people’s living standard, people’s requirements for diversified education increase. Vocational education in China has played a significant role in such aspects as promoting employment and re-employment, improving the ideological, ethical, scientific and educational standards of the whole nation and achieving the goal of “Everyone possesses knowledge and technology.” Employment is vital to people's livelihood. At present China faces two changes in employment and economic development. Labors need technical training to improve their abilities of employment and initiating business. Optimization and upgrading of industrial structure need more qualified people with high professional skills. Vigorous development of vocational education is an important means to promote employment, eliminate poverty, secure social stability, promote social fairness and achieve social harmony. Vocational education is oriented for all and for the whole society. It is an important form of life-long education. It plays an indispensable part in promoting a
learning society with learning for all and life-long education.
Thirdly, vigorous development of vocational education is a necessity to popularize comprehensive secondary education and boost the popularization of higher education.
After 60 years efforts, especially 30 years of opening-up and reform, China has achieved popularization of 9 years compulsory education and stepped into popularization of higher education. Popularization of secondary education is a historic task proposed on the 16th and 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After popularization of 9 years compulsory education，how to implement popularization of secondary education? We have two choices of the question. The first is to spare no effort to develop comprehensive high schools to encourage students to enroll in them and then attend universities. In view of the fundamental realities of the nation at the primary stage of socialism, it is impossible and unnecessary for all to enter universities. The other choice is to develop vocational education, encourage and guide more people to get employed by receiving vocational education and improve through continuing education. For majority of young people, the latter one is a realistic and correct choice. We must have scientific outlook on development, start from adjusting the demands for talented people based on structure and constructing modern educational system, accelerate adjustment of educational structure, quicken the pace of developing vocational education, promote harmonious development between secondary vocational education and comprehensive secondary education, between higher vocational education and comprehensive higher education, promote the harmonious development of vocational education.
Vocational education in China is in the position of a new starting line. Economic and social development makes new requirements on vocational education and people have new expectations of it. We must emancipate our minds, update ideas and enhance awareness of the significance of vocational education in economic and social development so as to make vocational education to people’s satisfaction.
Ⅱ. Development of vocational education in China has achieved notable achievements and has stepped into the best period in the history.
Great achievements have been achieved in reform and development of vocational education in China, under correct leading of the Party Central Committee, the State Council and local governments, with vigorous support of people from all walks of life and with joint efforts of those devoted to vocational education. Main achievements include:
1. Scope of vocational education is expanding. In 2007, secondary vocational schools in China enrolled 8,100,000 students. Students on campus amounted to 19,870,000.
The enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools accounted for 48.3% of that of secondary schools. In 2007, higher vocational schools in China enrolled 2,830,000 students. Students on campus amounted to 8,610,000, accounting for 50% of those of higher education institutes. Urban and rural labors participating in various training amounted to 160,000,000. A vocational education system of Chinese characteristics has been established.
2. A service-oriented and employment-oriented reform and development guideline of vocational education is further confirmed. Vocational schools are operated to meet the demands of the society, the market, enterprises and rural areas. Quality education is promoted; teaching is further reformed. Students’ professional education is cultivated; cultivation of practical ability and professional skills are emphasized; quality of vocational education is tremendously enhanced. With employment rate of 90%, graduates are popular among all walks of life. Awareness and ability of vocational education in serving economy and society are improved. With enhanced vigor of development, vocational education has gained support from the people of all walks of life.
3. The fundamental capacity building of vocational education has got a stage achievement. Since 2003, the central financial authorities have accumulated an input up to 5.3 billion RMB, focusing on supporting the construction of 1080 vocational education training bases, 1235 county-level vocational education centers and models of secondary vocational schools, and 70 models of higher vocational technology colleges, and have finished the state-level mission of training 12000 backbone professional teachers. Many regions are also increasing input and the construction conditions of schools are greatly improved.
4. Vocational education training models have made new breakthroughs in reform. In recent years, under the guidance of employment, various regions actively explore the vocational education personnel training mode of the integration of work with study, the school-enterprise cooperation and students’ internship on some positions. It is proved by practice that the model embodies the Communist Party of China’s education policies, conforms to the development rule of vocational education, and reflects the characteristics of vocational education. It plays an important role in raising students’ spiritual quality, practical and vocational skills, helping them solve economic problems and promoting their healthy development and smooth employment. The model of vocational education is also very successful in many other countries such as in Germany, Australia, etc.
5. The financial assistant policy system for students whose families suffer from economic difficulties has been basically established. This year, financial departments in various levels have spent 18 billion RMB on grants for students whose families suffer from economic difficulties in secondary vocational schools．All students from the countryside and urban low-income families have the access to the grants, covering 90% of the total students. More than 20% students in higher vocational schools can enjoy scholarships, grants and student loans for state colleges and universities. Juniors in secondary vocational schools can get payment in the form of the integrating study with work, and the internship on some positions to relieve expenses on study and life. The establishment and improvement of the financial assistance system for students whose families suffer from economic difficulties in vocational schools plays an important role in changing social concept of despising vocational education, extending the scale of vocational education and promoting education development and justice.
Tremendous achievements have been made in China’s vocational education, but generally speaking, vocational education, especially secondary vocational education, is still the weak point in Chinese education, facing many difficulties and problems. The development of vocational education can not adapt to the needs of economic development of our country, and there is still a long way to go in terms of consolidating our achievements, raising the quality and further development.
Ⅲ. Comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, adhere to the service-aimed, employment-oriented and quality-focused principle, promote rapid and smooth development of our country’s vocational education.
The new situation that China is accelerating its speed on the new road to industrialization, building a new socialist countryside, building a well-off society and building a socialist harmonious society, urgently requires the rapid development of vocational education. Vocational education is facing a rare historical opportunity for development. we must seize the opportunity and momentum, and make efforts to achieve fast and smooth development of vocational education.
1. Continue to consolidate and expand the scale of the development of vocational education, enhance services capacity of vocational education for the economic and society.
In 2008, the enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools will continue to expand. In the next few years, the enrollment scale of secondary vocational education will roughly equal that of high schools. In regions with relatively more rapid economic and
social development and a higher demand for technical personnel, the admission sacle of the former will surpass the latter. Higher vocational education should place stress on improving quality and maintain about half of the enrollment scale of high schools. Various forms of vocational training are further developed, and over 150 million urban and rural laborers are trained yearly.
We should continue to promote the implementation of "national skilled personnel training projects," "state transfer of rural labor force training project", "rural practical personnel training project" and "adult continuing education and reemployment training project", expand these projects’ coverage, improve personnel training quality, gradually ease the shortage of expertise situation, and constantly improve the overall quality of the urban and rural laborers, in order to enable vocational education to better serve China's economic and social development.
2. Adhere to the orientation of employment, deepening the teaching reform of vocational education and improving the quality of vocational education comprehensively.
To improve the quality of vocational education is the priority in the future period. We should put our emphasis on both development and quality to achieve the goal of harmonious development of vocational education in quantity, quality, structure and efficiency. We should fully implement the party’s education policy, promote the development of quality education and train the student to be with good professional ethics, necessary cultural knowledge and qualified professional skills. We should deepen the reform of educational reform, adjust the professional settings rationally, strengthen the reform of curriculum and the construction of teaching materials, improve teaching methods, and implement the order-training, promote the flexible study system. We should strengthen the professional guidance and employment services towards the students of vocational colleges so as to realize the goal of smooth employment. We should vigorously promote the school-enterprise cooperation, the combination of work and study, the working practice, gradually establish and prefect the system of part work and part study. The secondary vocational education should improve the personnel training mode of one year for foundation, one year for skill, one year for the working practice, the higher vocational education should also arrange internship for the students for half a year, enhance their professional skill training ,hold all forms of vocational skills competition for the students on a regular basis, enable the students to get their academic certificate and meanwhile obtain the professional qualification certificate. We should continue to promote the training base construction, continue to implement the plans of construction of
training base, the county-level vocational education center and the exemplary secondary vocational schools. Vigorously promote national model of higher vocational institutions building program, launch national model of secondary vocational school building projects, increase investment, and improve school conditions for vocational institutions. Improve the application of modern educational technology in teaching and promote the modernization of vocational education. Vocational institutions should strengthen the improvement of teachers, and actively carry out teacher training, do a good job in introducing from the society professional and technical personnel, highly-skilled personnel, especially those retired engineering and technical personnel with professional skills to vocational schools to do part-time work. The Ministry of Education has decided that by the end of this year or early next year ,we will hold a national conference on vocational education and teaching reform, to deploy the vocational education teaching reform in the future period, and to comprehensively improve the quality of education work.
3. To accelerate the reform and innovation of institutional mechanisms and related system construction, and improve management level of vocational education.
We must actively promote the shift of conception of running vocational education schools: to shift from a planned culture to market-driven culture; to shift from direct government management to macro guidance; to shift from traditional employment Oriented to education-oriented; and to shift from discipline-based to professional ability. We should speed up the reform, innovation and institutional construction of vocational education mechanisms, speed up the launch of the amendment of "Vocational Education Act," pay close attention to drafting "lifelong learning law" in order to provide legal protection for building a learning society of life-long learning and popularization of learning, the goal of "everyone has the knowledge and everyone has skills.” It is necessary to strengthen the enrollment reform and institutional construction of secondary vocational school, to plan and manage the senior high school enrollment in a unified manner, and to standardize enrollment order and enrollment behavior. To further improve the subsidy policy system for vocational college students, and gradually form the secondary vocational school students subsidy policy system centered on state grants and supplemented by other relief measures such as scholarships, students’ integration of work with learning, internships on some positions, school remission fees and so on. Higher vocational institutions should continue to do a good job in implementing the subsidy policies for college students. We should vigorously promote
group construction of vocational education, relying on high-quality resources of vocational education, taking majors as a link, established vocational education groups participated in by relevant industries and enterprises and vocational institutions, strengthen school-enterprise cooperation and promote coordinated development of urban and rural vocational education. To further strengthen the guidance and management of private vocational institutions, and standardize its education behavior, and promote the healthy development of private vocational education. We should attach great importance to learning from the successful experience of vocational education development in other countries and strengthen vocational education exchanges and cooperation with other countries.
4. Take the development of vocational education in the west and rural areas in China as the focus of vocational education.
Make full use of vocational education resources and advantages in the eastern and city areas to help the western and rural areas, implement vocational schools’ joint admission and cultivation between the eastern and western regions, and between urban and rural regions, speed up the training of much-needed skilled talents for the economic and social development of the western and rural regions, and narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas in China. All above is an important task of vocational education development both at present and in the future.
At present, it is necessary to support corresponding vocational education, and highlight for this year’s Wenchuan jumbo earthquake disaster on May 12. After the earthquake, under the CPC Central Committee and State Council's strong leadership and unity of the deployment, the Ministry of Education and the national education system act quickly, go all out to earthquake relief work. The Ministry of Education proposes four demands for the restoration and reconstruction and corresponding assistance work for secondary vocational education in the disaster-hit area: First, do a good job in resuming class for freshmen and sophomores in secondary vocational schools in disaster areas to ensure that they can go on study; Second, do a good job in employment assistance for juniors who are graduates this year in secondary vocational school in disaster –hit areas to ensure that they can finds jobs; Third, do a good job in recruiting graduates of junior high school students in secondary vocational schools in disaster-hit areas to ensure those who are willing to be enrolled will be admitted. The fourth is to strengthen the vocational training labor workers, in particular, farmers and immigration on workers on the job skills in disaster-hit areas so as to offer support and help to rebuild their homes and transfer resettlement. We must work with a strong sense of responsibility and urgency, overcome difficulties and do everything possible, go all out, do our assistance job
earnestly and make due contributions to the reconstruction and recovery of secondary vocational education the disaster areas.
Ladies, gentlemen and my friends,
To promote the smooth and fast development of vocational education is a important task in China's education reform and development, which carries heavy responsibility and far-reaching significance. Let us work together to make a new contribution for the new development of vocational education, to make new breakthroughs for the comprehensive construction of a well-off and harmonious socialist society.
I wish the Forum a complete success!
Wish all the friends faithful study, work smoothly and good health!
Thank you!
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